PPM AMERICA FUNDS
AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST
This AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST made at Boston, Massachusetts, this
9th day of September 1998, by the Trustees hereunder, and by the holders of
shares of beneficial interest to be issued hereunder as provided herein.
WITNESSETH that
WHEREAS, this Trust has been formed to carry on the business of an
investment company; and
WHEREAS, the Trustees have agreed to manage all property coming into their
hands as trustees of a Massachusetts voluntary association with transferable
shares in accordance with the provisions hereinafter set forth.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Trustees hereby declare that they will hold all cash,
securities and other assets, which they may from time to time acquire in any
manner as Trustees hereunder IN TRUST to manage and dispose of the same upon the
following terms and conditions for the pro rata benefit of the holders from time
to time of Shares in this Trust as hereinafter set forth.
ARTICLE I
Name and Definitions
NAME
Section 1. This Trust shall be known as "PPM America Funds", and the
Trustees shall conduct the business of the Trust under that name or any other
name as they may from time to time determine.
DEFINITIONS
Section 2. Whenever used herein, unless otherwise required by the context
or specifically provided:
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(a) The "Trust" refers to the Massachusetts business trust established by
this Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended from time to time;
(b) "Trustees" refers to the Trustees of the Trust named herein or elected
in accordance with Article IV;
(c) "Shares" means the equal proportionate transferable units of interest
into which the beneficial interest in the Trust shall be divided from time
to time or, if more than one series or class of Shares is authorized by the
Trustees, the equal proportionate transferable units into which each series
or class of Shares shall be divided from time to time;
(d) "Shareholder" means a record owner of Shares;
(e) The "1940 Act" refers to the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the
Rules and Regulations thereunder, all as amended from time to time;
(f) The terms "Affiliated Person", "Assignment", "Commission", "Interested
Person", "Principal Underwriter" and "Majority Shareholder Vote" (the 67%
or 50% requirement of the third sentence of Section 2(a)(42) of the 1940
Act, whichever may be applicable) shall have the meanings given them in the
1940 Act;
(g) "Declaration of Trust" shall mean this Amended and Restated Agreement
and Declaration of Trust as amended or restated from time to time;
(h) "Bylaws" shall mean the Bylaws of the Trust as amended from time to
time;
(i) The term "series" or "series of Shares" refers to the one or more
separate investment portfolios of the Trust into which the assets and
liabilities of the Trust may be divided and the Shares of the Trust
representing the beneficial interest of Shareholders in such respective
portfolios; and
(j) The term "class" or "class of Shares" refers to the division of Shares
into two or more classes as provided in Article III, Section 1 hereof.
ARTICLE II
Purpose of Trust
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The purpose of the Trust is to provide investors a managed investment
primarily in securities, debt instruments and other instruments and rights of a
financial character.
ARTICLE III
Shares
DIVISION OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST
Section 1. The Shares of the Trust shall be issued in one or more series
as the Trustees may, without shareholder approval, authorize. Each series shall
be preferred over all other series in respect of the assets allocated to that
series. The beneficial interest in each series shall at all times be divided
into Shares, without par value, each of which shall, except as provided in the
following sentence, represent an equal proportionate interest in the series with
each other Share of the same series, none having priority or preference over
another. The Trustees may, without shareholder approval, divide the Shares of
any series into two or more classes, Shares of each such class having such
preferences and special or relative rights and privileges (including conversion
rights, if any) as the Trustees may determine and as shall be set forth in the
Bylaws. The number of Shares authorized shall be unlimited. The Trustees may
from time to time divide or combine the Shares of any series or class into a
greater or lesser number without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial
interest in the series or class.
OWNERSHIP OF SHARES
Section 2. The ownership of Shares shall be recorded on the books of the
Trust or a transfer or similar agent. No certificates certifying the ownership
of Shares shall be issued except as the Trustees may otherwise determine from
time to time. The Trustees may make such rules as they consider appropriate for
the issuance of Share certificates, the transfer of Shares and similar matters.
The record books of the Trust as kept by the Trust or any transfer or similar
agent, as the case may be, shall be conclusive as to who are the Shareholders of
each series and class and as to the number of Shares of each series and class
held from time to time by each Shareholder.
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INVESTMENT IN THE TRUST
Section 3. The Trustees shall accept investments in the Trust from such
persons and on such terms and for such consideration, which may consist of cash
or tangible or intangible property or a combination thereof, as they or the
Bylaws from time to time authorize.
All consideration received by the Trust for the issue or sale of Shares of
each series, together with all income, earnings, profits, and proceeds thereof,
including any proceeds derived from the sale, exchange or liquidation thereof,
and any funds or payments derived from any reinvestment of such proceeds in
whatever form the same may be, shall irrevocably belong to the series of Shares
with respect to which the same were received by the Trust for all purposes,
subject only to the rights of creditors, and shall be so handled upon the books
of account of the Trust and are herein referred to as "assets of" such series.
NO PREEMPTIVE RIGHTS
Section 4. Shareholders shall have no preemptive or other right to
subscribe to any additional Shares or other securities issued by the Trust.
STATUS OF SHARES AND LIMITATION OF PERSONAL LIABILITY
Section 5. Shares shall be deemed to be personal property giving only the
rights provided in this Declaration of Trust or the Bylaws. Every Shareholder
by virtue of having become a Shareholder shall be held to have expressly
assented and agreed to the terms of this Declaration of Trust and the Bylaws and
to have become a party thereto. The death of a Shareholder during the
continuance of the Trust shall not operate to terminate the same nor entitle the
representative of any deceased Shareholder to an accounting or to take any
action in court or elsewhere against the Trust or the Trustees, but only to the
rights of said decedent under this Trust. Ownership of Shares shall not entitle
the Shareholder to any title in or to the whole or any part of the Trust
property or right to call for a partition or division of the same or for an
accounting, nor shall the ownership of Shares constitute the Shareholders
partners. Neither the Trust nor the Trustees, nor any officer, employee or
agent of the Trust shall have any power to bind personally any Shareholder, nor
except as specifically provided herein to call upon any Shareholder for the
payment of any sum of money or assessment whatsoever other than such as the
Shareholder may at any time personally agree to pay.
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ARTICLE IV
The Trustees
ELECTION
Section 1. A Trustee may be elected either by the Trustees or by the
Shareholders. There shall be not less than three Trustees. The number of
Trustees shall be fixed by the Trustees. Each Trustee elected by the Trustees
or the Shareholders shall serve until he or she retires, resigns, is removed or
dies or until the next meeting of Shareholders called for the purpose of
electing Trustees and until the election and qualification of his or her
successor. At any meeting called for the purpose, a Trustee may be removed by
vote of two-thirds of the outstanding shares. The initial Trustee, who shall
serve until the first meeting of Shareholders at which Trustees are elected and
until his successor is elected and qualified, or until he sooner dies, resigns
or is removed shall be ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇.
EFFECT OF DEATH, RESIGNATION, ETC. OF A TRUSTEE
Section 2. The death, declination, resignation, retirement, removal or
incapacity of the Trustees, or any one of them, shall not operate to annul the
Trust or to revoke any existing agency created pursuant to the terms of this
Declaration of Trust.
POWERS
Section 3. Subject to the provisions of this Declaration of Trust, the
business of the Trust shall be managed by the Trustees, and they shall have all
powers necessary or convenient to carry out that responsibility. Without
limiting the foregoing, the Trustees may adopt Bylaws not inconsistent with this
Declaration of Trust providing for the conduct of the business of the Trust and
may amend and repeal them to the extent that such Bylaws do not reserve that
right to the Shareholders; they may fill vacancies in or add to their number,
and may elect and remove such officers and appoint and terminate such agents as
they consider appropriate; they may appoint from their own number, and
terminate, any one or more committees consisting of two or more Trustees,
including an executive committee which may, when the Trustees are not in
session, exercise some or all of the power and authority of the Trustees as the
Trustees may determine; they may employ one or more custodians of the assets of
the Trust and may authorize such custodians to employ subcustodians and to
deposit all or any part of such assets in a system or systems for the central
handling of securities, retain a transfer agent or a Shareholder servicing
agent, or both, provide for the distribution of Shares by the Trust, through one
or more principal underwriters or otherwise, set record dates for the
determination of Shareholders with respect to various matters, and in general
delegate such authority as they consider desirable to any officer of the Trust,
to any committee of the Trustees and to any agent or employee of the Trust or to
any such custodian or underwriter.
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Without limiting the foregoing, the Trustees shall have power and
authority:
(a) To invest and reinvest cash, and to hold cash uninvested;
(b) To sell, exchange, lend, pledge, mortgage, hypothecate, write options
on and lease any or all of the assets of the Trust;
(c) To vote or give assent, or exercise any rights of ownership, with
respect to stock or other securities or property; and to execute and
deliver proxies or powers of attorney to such person or persons as the
Trustees shall deem proper, granting to such person or persons such power
and discretion with relation to securities or property as the Trustees
shall deem proper;
(d) To exercise powers and rights of subscription or otherwise which in
any manner arise out of ownership of securities;
(e) To hold any security or property in a form not indicating any trust,
whether in bearer, unregistered or other negotiable form, or in the name of
the Trustees or of the Trust or in the name of a custodian, subcustodian or
other depositary or a nominee or nominees or otherwise;
(f) Subject to the provisions of Article III, Section 3, to allocate
assets, liabilities, income and expenses of the Trust to a particular
series of Shares or to apportion the same among two or more series,
provided that any liabilities or expenses incurred by or arising in
connection with a particular series of Shares shall be payable solely out
of the assets of that series; and to the extent necessary or appropriate to
give effect to the preferences and special or relative rights and
privileges of any classes of Shares, to allocate assets, liabilities,
income and expenses of a series to a particular class of Shares of that
series or to apportion the same among two or more classes of Shares of that
series;
(g) To consent to or participate in any plan for the reorganization,
consolidation or merger of any corporation or issuer, any security of which
is or was held in the Trust; to consent to any contract, lease, mortgage,
purchase or sale of property by such corporation or issuer, and to pay
calls or subscriptions with respect to any security held in the Trust;
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(h) To join with other security holders in acting through a committee
depositary, voting trustee or otherwise, and in that connection to deposit
any security with, or transfer any security to, any such committee,
depositary or trustee, and to delegate to them such power and authority
with relation to any security (whether or not so deposited or transferred)
as the Trustees shall deem proper, and to agree to pay, and to pay, such
portion of the expenses and compensation of such committee, depositary or
trustee as the Trustees shall deem proper;
(i) To compromise, arbitrate or otherwise adjust claims in favor of or
against the Trust or any matter in controversy, including but not limited
to claims for taxes;
(j) To enter into joint ventures, general or limited partnerships and any
other combinations or associations;
(k) To borrow funds;
(l) To endorse or guarantee the payment of any notes or other obligations
of any person; to make contracts of guaranty or suretyship, or otherwise
assume liability for payment thereof; and to mortgage and pledge the Trust
property or any part thereof to secure any of or all such obligations;
(m) To purchase and pay for entirely out of Trust property such insurance
as they may deem necessary or appropriate for the conduct of the business,
including without limitation, insurance policies insuring the assets of the
Trust and payment of distributions and principal on its portfolio
investments, and insurance policies insuring the Shareholders, Trustees,
officers, employees, agents, investment advisers or managers, principal
underwriters, or independent contractors of the Trust individually against
all claims and liabilities of every nature arising by reason of holding,
being or having held any such office or position, or by reason of any
action alleged to have been taken or omitted by any such person as
Shareholder, Trustee, officer, employee, agent, investment adviser or
manager, principal underwriter, or independent contractor, including any
action taken or omitted that may be determined to constitute negligence,
whether or not the Trust would have the power to indemnify such person
against such liability; and
(n) To pay pensions for faithful service, as deemed appropriate by the
Trustees, and to adopt, establish and carry out pension, profit-sharing,
share bonus, share purchase, savings, thrift and other retirement,
incentive and benefit plans, trusts and provisions, including the
purchasing of life insurance and annuity contracts as a means of providing
such retirement and other benefits, for any or all of the Trustees,
officers, employees and agents of the Trust.
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The Trustees shall not in any way be bound or limited by any present or
future law or custom in regard to investments by trustees. Except as otherwise
provided herein or from time to time in the Bylaws, any action to be taken by
the Trustees may be taken by a majority of the Trustees present at a meeting of
Trustees (a quorum being present), within or without Massachusetts, including
any meeting held by means of a conference telephone or other communications
equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear
each other at the same time and participation by such means shall constitute
presence in person at a meeting, or by written consents of a majority of the
Trustees then in office.
PAYMENT OF EXPENSES BY TRUST
Section 4. The Trustees are authorized to pay or to cause to be paid out
of the assets of the Trust all expenses, fees, charges, taxes and liabilities
incurred or arising in connection with the Trust, or in connection with the
management thereof, including, but not limited to, the Trustees' compensation
and such expenses and charges for the services of the Trust's officers,
employees, investment adviser or manager, principal underwriter, auditor,
counsel, custodian, transfer agent, Shareholder servicing agent, and such other
agents or independent contractors and such other expenses and charges as the
Trustees may deem necessary or proper to incur, provided, however, that all
expenses, fees, charges, taxes and liabilities incurred or arising in connection
with a particular series of Shares shall be payable solely out of the assets of
that series.
OWNERSHIP OF ASSETS OF THE TRUST
Section 5. Title to all of the assets of each series of Shares and of the
Trust shall at all times be considered as vested in the Trustees.
ADVISORY, MANAGEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION
Section 6. Subject to a favorable Majority Shareholder Vote, the Trustees
may, at any time and from time to time, contract for exclusive or nonexclusive
advisory and/or management services with any corporation, trust, association or
other organization (the "Manager"), every such contract to comply with such
requirements and restrictions as may be set forth in the Bylaws; and any such
contract may contain such other terms interpretive of or in addition to said
requirements and restrictions as the Trustees may determine, including, without
limitation, authority to determine from time to time what investments shall be
purchased, held, sold or exchanged and what portion, if any, of the assets of
the Trust shall be held uninvested and to make changes in the Trust's
investments. The Trustees may also, at any time and from time to time, contract
with the Manager or any other corporation, trust, association or other
organization, appointing it exclusive or nonexclusive distributor or
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principal underwriter for the Shares, every such contract to comply with such
requirements and restrictions as may be set forth in the Bylaws; and any such
contract may contain such other terms interpretive of or in addition to said
requirements and restrictions as the Trustees may determine.
The fact that:
(i) any of the Shareholders, Trustees or officers of the Trust is a
shareholder, director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, manager,
adviser, principal underwriter or distributor or agent of or for any
corporation, trust, association, or other organization, or of or for any
parent or affiliate of any organization, with which an advisory or
management contract, or principal underwriter's or distributor's contract,
or transfer, Shareholder servicing or other agency contract may have been
or may hereafter be made, or that any such organization, or any parent or
affiliate thereof, is a Shareholder or has an interest in the Trust, or
that
(ii) any corporation, trust, association or other organization with which
an advisory or management contract or principal underwriter's or
distributor's contract, or transfer, Shareholder servicing or other agency
contract may have been or may hereafter be made also has an advisory or
management contract, or transfer, Shareholder servicing or other agency
contract with one or more other corporations, trusts, associations, or
other organizations, or has other business or interests, shall not affect
the validity of any such contract or disqualify any Shareholder, Trustee or
officer of the Trust from voting upon or executing the same or create any
liability or accountability to the Trust or its Shareholders.
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ARTICLE V
Shareholders' Voting Powers and Meetings
VOTING POWERS
Section 1. Subject to the voting powers of one or more classes of shares
as set forth in this Declaration of Trust or in the Bylaws, the Shareholders
shall have power to vote only (i) for the election of Trustees as provided in
Article IV, Section 1, (ii) for the removal of Trustees as provided in Article
IV, Section 1, (iii) with respect to any Manager as provided in Article IV,
Section 6, (iv) with respect to any termination of this Trust to the extent and
as provided in Article IX, Section 4, (v) with respect to any amendment of this
Declaration of Trust to the extent and as provided in Article IX, Section 7,
(vi) to the same extent as the stockholders of a Massachusetts business
corporation as to whether or not a court action, proceeding or claim should or
should not be brought or maintained derivatively or as a class action on behalf
of the Trust or the Shareholders, and (vii) with respect to such additional
matters relating to the Trust as may be required by this Declaration of Trust,
the Bylaws or any registration of the Trust with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (or any successor agency) or any state, or as the Trustees may
consider necessary or desirable. Each whole Share shall be entitled to one vote
as to any matter on which it is entitled to vote and each fractional Share shall
be entitled to a proportionate fractional vote. Notwithstanding any other
provision of this Declaration of Trust, on any matter submitted to a vote of
Shareholders, all Shares of the Trust then entitled to vote shall be voted in
the aggregate as a single class without regard to series or classes of shares,
except (1) when required by the 1940 Act or when the Trustees shall have
determined that the matter affects one or more series or classes of Shares
materially differently, Shares shall be voted by individual series or class; and
(2) when the Trustees have determined that the matter affects only the interests
of one or more series or classes, then only Shareholders of such series or
classes shall be entitled to vote hereon. There shall be no cumulative voting
in the election of Trustees. Shares may be voted in person or by proxy. A
proxy with respect to Shares held in the name of two or more persons shall be
valid if executed by any one of them unless at or prior to exercise of the proxy
the Trust receives a specific written notice to the contrary from any one of
them. A proxy purporting to be executed by or on behalf of a Shareholder shall
be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to its exercise and the burden of
proving invalidity shall rest on the challenger. Until Shares of any series or
class are issued, the
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Trustees may exercise all rights of Shareholders and may take any action
required by law, this Declaration of Trust or the Bylaws to be taken by
Shareholders as to such series or class.
VOTING POWER AND MEETINGS
Section 2. Meetings of Shareholders of any or all series or classes may be
called by the Trustees from time to time for the purpose of taking action upon
any matter requiring the vote or authority of the Shareholders of such series or
classes as herein provided or upon any other matter deemed by the Trustees to be
necessary or desirable. Written notice of any meeting of Shareholders shall be
given or caused to be given by the Trustees by mailing such notice at least
seven days before such meeting, postage prepaid, stating the time, place and
purpose of the meeting, to each Shareholder entitled to vote at such meeting at
the Shareholder's address as it appears on the records of the Trust. If the
Trustees shall fail to call or give notice of any meeting of Shareholders for a
period of 30 days after written application by Shareholders holding at least 10%
of the then outstanding Shares of all series and classes entitled to vote at
such meeting requesting that a meeting be called for a purpose requiring action
by the Shareholders as provided herein or in the Bylaws, then Shareholders
holding at least 10% of the then outstanding Shares of all series and classes
entitled to vote at such meeting may call and give notice of such meeting, and
thereupon the meeting shall be held in the manner provided for herein in case of
call thereof by the Trustees. Notice of a meeting need not be given to any
Shareholder if a written waiver of notice, executed by him or her before or
after the meeting, is filed with the records of the meeting, or to any
Shareholder who attends the meeting without protesting prior thereto or at its
commencement the lack of notice to him or her.
QUORUM AND REQUIRED VOTE
Section 3. Thirty percent of Shares entitled to vote on a particular
matter shall be a quorum for the transaction of business on that matter at a
Shareholders' meeting, except that where any provision of law or of this
Declaration of Trust permits or requires that holders of any series or class
shall vote as an individual series or class, then thirty percent of the
aggregate number of Shares of that series or class entitled to vote shall be
necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business by that series
or class. Any lesser number shall be sufficient for adjournments. Any
adjourned session or sessions may be held, within a reasonable time after the
date set for the original meeting, without the necessity of further notice.
Except when a larger vote is required by any provision of this Declaration of
Trust or the Bylaws, or by the 1940 Act, a majority of the Shares voted shall
decide any questions and a plurality shall elect a Trustee, provided that where
any provision of law or of this Declaration of Trust permits or requires that
the holders of any series or class shall vote as an individual series or class,
then a majority of the Shares of that series or class voted on the matter (or a
plurality with respect to the election of a Trustee) shall decide that matter
insofar
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as that series or class is concerned.
ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT
Section 4. Any action taken by Shareholders may be taken without a meeting
if a majority of Shareholders entitled to vote on the matter (or such larger
proportion thereof as shall be required by any express provision of this
Declaration of Trust or the Bylaws) consent to the action in writing and such
written consents are filed with the records of the meetings of Shareholders.
Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of
Shareholders.
ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS
Section 5. The Bylaws may include further provisions not inconsistent with
this Declaration of Trust, regarding of Shareholders' voting powers, the conduct
of meetings and related matters.
ARTICLE VI
Distributions, Redemptions and Repurchases
DISTRIBUTIONS
Section 1. The Trustees may each year, or more frequently if they so
determine, distribute to the Shareholders of each series out of the assets of
such series such amounts as the Trustees may determine. Any such distribution
to the Shareholders of a particular series shall be made to said Shareholders
pro rata in proportion to the number of Shares of such series held by each of
them, except to the extent otherwise required or permitted by the preferences
and special or relative rights and privileges of any classes of Shares of that
series, and any distribution to the Shareholders of a particular class of Shares
shall be made to such Shareholders pro rata in proportion to the number of
Shares of such class held by each of them. Such distributions shall be made in
cash or Shares or a combination thereof as determined by the Trustees. Any such
distribution paid in Shares will be paid at the net asset value thereof as
determined in accordance with the Bylaws.
REDEMPTIONS AND REPURCHASES
Section 2. The Trust shall purchase such Shares as are offered by any
Shareholder for redemption, upon the presentation of any certificate for the
Shares to be purchased, a proper instrument of transfer and a request directed
to the Trust or a person designated by the Trust that the Trust purchase such
Shares, or in accordance with such other procedures for
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redemption as the Trustees may from time to time authorize; and the Trust will
pay therefor the net asset value thereof, as next determined in accordance with
the Bylaws. Payment for said Shares shall be made by the Trust to the
Shareholder within seven days after the date on which the request is made. The
obligation set forth in this Section 2 is subject to the provision that in the
event that any time the New York Stock Exchange is closed for other than
customary weekends or holidays, or, if permitted by rules of the Securities and
Exchange Commission, during periods when trading on the Exchange is restricted
or during any emergency which makes it impractical for the Trust to dispose of
its investments or to determine fairly the value of its net assets, or during
any other period permitted by order of the Securities and Exchange Commission
for the protection of investors, such obligation may be suspended or postponed
by the Trustees. The Trust may also purchase or repurchase Shares at a price
not exceeding the net asset value of such Shares in effect when the purchase or
repurchase or any contract to purchase or repurchase is made.
REDEMPTIONS AT THE OPTION OF THE TRUST
Section 3. The Trust shall have the right at its option and at any time to
redeem Shares of any Shareholder at the net asset value thereof as determined in
accordance with the Bylaws: (i) if at such time such Shareholder owns fewer
Shares than, or Shares having an aggregate net asset value of less than, an
amount determined from time to time by the Trustees; or (ii) to the extent that
such Shareholder owns Shares of a particular series or class of Shares equal to
or in excess of a percentage of the outstanding Shares of that series or class
determined from time to time by the Trustees; or (iii) to the extent that such
Shareholder owns Shares of the Trust representing a percentage equal to or in
excess of such percentage of the aggregate number of outstanding Shares of the
Trust or the aggregate net asset value of the Trust determined from time to time
by the Trustees.
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ARTICLE VII
Compensation and Limitation of Liability of Trustees
COMPENSATION
Section 1. The Trustees as such shall be entitled to reasonable
compensation from the Trust; they may fix the amount of their compensation.
Nothing herein shall in any way prevent the employment of any Trustee for
advisory, management, legal, accounting, investment banking or other services
and payment for the same by the Trust.
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
Section 2. The Trustees shall not be responsible or liable in any event
for any neglect or wrongdoing of any officer, agent, employee, manager or
principal underwriter of the Trust, nor shall any Trustee be responsible for the
act or omission of any other Trustee, but nothing herein contained shall protect
any Trustee against any liability to which he or she would otherwise be subject
by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless
disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking and
every other act or thing whatsoever executed or done by or on behalf of the
Trust or the Trustees or any of them in connection with the Trust shall be
conclusively deemed to have been executed or done only in or with respect to
their or his or her capacity as Trustees or Trustee, and such Trustees or
Trustee shall not be personally liable thereon.
ARTICLE VIII
Indemnification
TRUSTEES, OFFICERS, ETC.
Section 1. The Trust shall indemnify each of its Trustees and officers
(including persons who serve at the Trust's request as directors, officers or
trustees of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a
shareholder, creditor or otherwise) (hereinafter referred to as a "Covered
Person") against all liabilities and expenses, including but not limited to
amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and
penalties, and counsel fees reasonably incurred by any Covered Person in
connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other
proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or
legislative body, in which such Covered Person may be or may have been involved
as a party or otherwise or with which such Covered Person may be or may have
been threatened, while in office or thereafter, by reason of being or having
been such a
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Covered Person except with respect to any matter as to which such Covered Person
shall have been finally adjudicated in any such action, suit or other proceeding
(a) not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that such Covered
Person's action was in the best interests of the Trust or (b) to be liable to
the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross
negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such
Covered Person's office. Expenses, including counsel fees so incurred by any
such Covered Person (but excluding amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in
compromise or as fines or penalties), shall be paid from time to time by the
Trust in advance of the final disposition of any such action, suit or proceeding
upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such Covered Person to repay
amounts so paid to the Trust if it is ultimately determined that indemnification
of such expenses is not authorized under this Article, provided, however, that
either (a) such Covered Person shall have provided appropriate security for such
undertaking, (b)the Trust shall be insured against losses arising from any such
advance payments or (c) either a majority of the disinterested Trustees acting
on the matter (provided that a majority of the disinterested Trustees then in
office act on the matter), or independent legal counsel in a written opinion,
shall have determined, based upon a review of readily available facts (as
opposed to a full trial type inquiry) that there is reason to believe that such
Covered Person will be found entitled to indemnification under this Article.
COMPROMISE PAYMENT
Section 2. As to any matter disposed of (whether by a compromise payment,
pursuant to a consent decree or otherwise) without an adjudication by a court,
or by any other body before which the proceeding was brought, that such Covered
Person either (a) did not act in good faith in the reasonable belief that his or
her action was in the best interests of the Trust or (b) is liable to the Trust
or its Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross
negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or
her office, indemnification shall be provided if (a) approved as in the best
interests of the Trust, after notice that it involves such indemnification, by
at least a majority of the disinterested Trustees acting on the matter (provided
that a majority of the disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter)
upon a determination, based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed
to a full trial type inquiry) that such Covered Person acted in good faith in
the reasonable belief that his or her action was in the best interests of the
Trust and is not liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reasons of willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties
involved in
15
the conduct of his or her office, or (b) there has been obtained an opinion in
writing of independent legal counsel, based upon a review of readily available
facts (as opposed to a full trial type inquiry) to the effect that such Covered
Person appears to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his or
her action was in the best interests of the Trust and that such indemnification
would not protect such Person against any liability to the Trust to which he or
she would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith,
gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of
his or her office. Any approval pursuant to this Section shall not prevent the
recovery from any Covered Person of any amount paid to such Coverd Person in
accordance with this Section as indemnification if such Covered Person is
subsequently adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction not to have acted
in good faith in the reasonable belief that such Covered Person's action was in
the best interests of the Trust or to have been liable to the Trust or its
Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or
reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered
Person's office.
INDEMNIFICATION NOT EXCLUSIVE
Section 3. The right of indemnification hereby provided shall not be
exclusive of or affect any other rights to which such Covered Person may be
entitled. As used in this Article VIII, the term "Covered Person" shall include
such person's heirs, executors and administrators and a "disinterested Trustee"
is a Trustee who is not an "interested person" of the Trust as defined in
Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, (or who has
been exempted from being an "interested person" by any rule, regulation or order
of the Securities and Exchange Commission) and against whom none of such
actions, suits or other proceedings or another action, suit or other proceeding
on the same or similar grounds is then or has been pending. Nothing contained
in this Article shall affect any rights to indemnification to which personnel of
the Trust, other than Trustees or officers, and other persons may be entitled by
contract or otherwise under law, nor the power of the Trust to purchase and
maintain liability insurance on behalf of any such person.
SHAREHOLDERS
Section 4. In case any Shareholder or former Shareholder shall be held to
be personally liable solely by reason of his or her being or having been a
Shareholder and not because of his or her acts or omissions or for some other
reason, the Shareholder or former Shareholder (or his or her heirs, executors,
administrators or other legal representatives or in the case of a corporation or
other entity, its corporate or other general successor) shall be entitled to be
held harmless from and indemnified against all loss and expense arising from
such liability, but only out of the assets of the particular series of Shares of
which he or she is or was a Shareholder.
ARTICLE IX
Miscellaneous
TRUSTEES, SHAREHOLDERS, ETC. NOT PERSONALLY LIABLE; NOTICE
Section 1. All persons extending credit to, contracting with or having any
claim against the Trust or a particular series of Shares shall look only to the
assets of the Trust or
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the assets of that particular series of Shares for payment under such credit,
contract or claim, and neither the Shareholders nor the Trustees, nor any of the
Trust's officers, employees or agents, whether past, present or future, shall be
personally liable therefor. Nothing in this Declaration of Trust shall protect
any Trustee against any liability to which such Trustee would otherwise be
subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or
reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of
Trustee.
Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking made or
issued by the Trustees or by any officer or officers shall give notice that this
Declaration of Trust is on file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of
Massachusetts and shall recite that the same was executed or made by or on
behalf of the Trust or by them as Trustee or Trustees or as officer or officers
and not individually and that the obligations of such instrument are not binding
upon any of them or the Shareholders individually but are binding only upon the
assets and property of the Trust, and may contain such further recital as he or
she or they may deem appropriate, but the omission thereof shall not operate to
bind any Trustee or Trustees or officer or officers or Shareholder or
Shareholders individually.
TRUSTEE'S GOOD FAITH ACTION, EXPERT ADVICE, NO BOND OR SURETY
Section 2. The exercise by the Trustees of their powers and discretions
hereunder shall be binding upon everyone interested. A Trustee shall be liable
for his or her own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless
disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee, and
for nothing else, and shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of
fact or law. The Trustees may take advice of counsel or other experts with
respect to the meaning and operation of this Declaration of Trust, and shall be
under no liability for any act or omission in accordance with such advice or for
failing to follow such advice. The Trustees shall not be required to give any
bond as such, nor any surety if a bond is required.
LIABILITY OF THIRD PERSONS DEALING WITH TRUSTEES
Section 3. No person dealing with the Trustees shall be bound to make any
inquiry concerning the validity of any transaction made or to be made by the
Trustees or to see to the application of any payments made or property
transferred to the Trust or upon its order.
DURATION AND TERMINATION OF TRUST
Section 4. Unless terminated as provided herein, the Trust shall continue
without limitation of time. The Trust may be terminated at any time by vote of
Shareholders
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holding at least 66-2/3% of the Shares entitled to vote or by the Trustees by
written notice to the Shareholders. Any series of Shares may be terminated at
any time by vote of Shareholders holding at least 66-2/3% of the Shares of such
series entitled to vote or by the Trustees by written notice to the Shareholders
of such series.
Upon termination of the Trust or of any one or more series of Shares, after
paying or otherwise providing for all charges, taxes, expenses and liabilities,
whether due or accrued or anticipated of the Trust or of the particular series
as may be determined by the Trustees, the Trust shall in accordance with such
procedures as the Trustees consider appropriate reduce the remaining assets to
distributable form in cash or shares or other securities, or any combination
thereof, and distribute the proceeds to the Shareholders of the series involved,
ratably according to the number of Shares of such series held by the several
Shareholders of such series on the date of termination, except to the extent
otherwise required or permitted by the preferences and special or relative
rights and privileges of any classes of any series of Shares of the Trust,
provided that any distribution to the Shareholders of a particular class of any
series of Shares shall be made to such Shareholders pro rata in proportion to
the number of Shares of such class held by each of them.
DERIVATIVE AND CLASS ACTIONS
Section 5. No Shareholder shall bring or maintain any action, proceeding
or claim derivatively or as a class action on behalf of the Trust or the
Shareholders unless approved by the Trustees and, to the same extent required as
to stockholders of a Massachusetts business corporation, by the Shareholders. A
Trustee who is not an "interested person" of the Trust, as defined in the 1940
Act, shall not be disqualified from acting on such matter by reason of such
Trustee's service as a director or trustee of one or more other registered
investment companies having the same Manager or distributor.
FILING OF COPIES, REFERENCES, HEADINGS
Section 6. The original or a copy of this instrument and of each amendment
hereto shall be kept at the office of the Trust where it may be inspected by any
Shareholder. A copy of this instrument and of each amendment hereto shall be
filed by the Trust with the Secretary of State of The Commonwealth of
Massachusetts and with the Boston City Clerk, as well as any other governmental
office where such filing may from time to time be required. Anyone dealing with
the Trust may rely on a certificate by an officer of the Trust as to whether or
not any such amendments have been made and as to any matters in connection with
the Trust hereunder, and, with the same effect as if it were the original, may
rely on a copy certified by an officer of the Trust to be a copy of this
instrument or of any such amendments. In this instrument and in any such
amendment, references to this instrument, and all expressions like "herein",
"hereof" and "hereunder" shall be deemed to refer to this instrument as amended
or affected by any such amendments. Headings are placed herein for convenience
of reference only and shall not be taken as a part hereof or control or affect
the meaning, construction or
18
effect of this instrument. This instrument may be executed in any number of
counterparts each of which shall be deemed an original.
APPLICABLE LAW
Section 7. This Declaration of Trust is made in The Commonwealth of
Massachusetts, and it is created under and is to be governed by and construed
and administered according to the laws of said Commonwealth. The Trust shall be
of the type commonly called a Massachusetts business trust, and without limiting
the provisions hereof, the Trust may exercise all powers which are ordinarily
exercised by such a trust.
AMENDMENTS
Section 8. This Declaration of Trust may be amended at any time by an
instrument in writing signed by a majority of the then Trustees when authorized
to do so by vote of Shareholders holding a majority of the Shares entitled to
vote, except that an amendment which shall affect the holders of one or more
series or classes of Shares but not the holders of all outstanding series and
classes shall be authorized by vote of the Shareholders holding a majority of
the Shares entitled to vote of each series and class affected and no vote of
Shareholders of a series or class not affected shall be required. Amendments
having the purpose of changing the name of the Trust or of supplying any
omission, curing any ambiguity or curing, correcting or supplementing any
defective or inconsistent provision contained herein shall not require
authorization by Shareholder vote.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has hereunto set his hand and seal in
the City of Boston, Massachusetts for himself and his assigns, as of the day and
year first above written.
/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇
-----------------------------------
(SEAL) ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇, Trustee
Trust Address: Business Address:
c/o Ropes & ▇▇▇▇ c/o Ropes & ▇▇▇▇
One International Place ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇
▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇, ▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇
THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS
Boston,
September 9, 1998
Suffolk, ss.
Then personally appeared the above-named Trustee of PPM America Funds and
acknowledged the foregoing instrument to be his free act and deed, before me,
/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇
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Notary Public
My commission expires: